تعلم المضارع التام Present Perfect – شرح كامبريدج مع أمثلة وتمارين
By: Hussain Ali
ما هو Present Perfect؟
المضارع التام يُستخدم للتعبير عن حدث في الماضي وله تأثير مرتبط بالحاضر أو مستمر حتى الآن. شكله: Subject + have/has + past participle.
أمثلة على Present Perfect
- I have finished my homework. → لقد أنهيت واجبي المنزلي.
- She has visited Paris twice. → لقد زارت باريس مرتين.
- They have lived in London for five years. → عاشوا في لندن لمدة خمس سنوات.
النفي والسؤال في Present Perfect
- نفي: I/We/You/They have not (haven't) + past participle → I haven't eaten yet.
- سؤال: Have/Has + Subject + past participle? → Have you finished your work?
Present Perfect Simple – How and When to Use It
The present perfect simple is used to talk about actions or situations that started in the past and have a connection to the present. It is also used for life experiences without specifying the exact time. Structure: have / has + past participle. Common words: ever, never, just, already, yet, for, since.
1. Talking About Life Experiences
Use the present perfect to describe experiences you’ve had so far. The exact time does not matter.
- I have visited Broadway shows in New York several times.
- She has never climbed a mountain before.
- Have you ever tried making sushi at home?
- He has already attended three different conferences this year.
- It was the most exciting trip I have ever taken.
- This is the first time I have seen snow in real life.
2. Recent Actions or Completed Events
Use it for actions finished very recently, often with just or recently.
- They have just returned from a holiday in Spain.
- The office has recently installed new computers.
- She has just finished her presentation.
- Have you just spoken to the manager?
3. Past Events with Present Results
When a past event affects the present, we use the present perfect:
- He has broken his leg. (It is still broken now)
- My keys have gone missing. (I still can’t find them)
- The flowers haven’t arrived yet. (They are still not here)
4. Duration with for and since
Use for points in time or periods that started in the past and continue to the present.
- I have worked here for five years. (period of time)
- She has lived in London since 2018. (specific starting point)
- How long have you known each other? – Since 2015, so for about 9 years.
5. Words Often Used with Present Perfect
Yet
Refers to something not done but expected to happen (usually in negative or questions).
- I haven’t finished my homework yet.
- Have you booked the tickets yet?
Already
Emphasizes that something is done sooner than expected.
- She has already left for the airport.
- I’ve already completed the assignment.
Still
Shows that something hasn’t changed or hasn’t happened yet, often surprisingly or annoyingly.
- He still hasn’t apologized for his mistake.
- I still haven’t recovered from the long flight.
6. Reporting Recent Events in News or Headlines
The present perfect is used to introduce recent events, often followed by past simple for details.
- NASA has launched a new satellite, which reached orbit last night.
- The Prime Minister has announced new policies; the parliament debated them yesterday.
- Have you seen the latest movie? I watched it last weekend.
7. British vs American English
In American English, the past simple is often used instead of present perfect in some cases, especially with already or yet.
- UK: Have you finished your homework yet? – US: Did you finish your homework yet?
- UK: I’ve already eaten lunch. – US: I already ate lunch.
Present Perfect Simple – 40 Real-Life Sentences & Interactive Questions
Practice Present Perfect Simple using real-life sentences. Each sentence is followed by an interactive question and answer to reinforce learning.
40 Sentences in Present Perfect Simple
- "I have finished my report." – أنا أنهيت تقريري.
- "She has just sent the email." – هي أرسلت البريد للتو.
- "We have never been to Japan." – نحن لم نزر اليابان قط.
- "They have already started the meeting." – هم بالفعل بدأوا الاجتماع.
- "Have you ever tried sushi?" – هل جربت السوشي من قبل؟
- "He has lived in Berlin for three years." – هو عاش في برلين لمدة ثلاث سنوات.
- "I have lost my wallet." – لقد فقدت محفظتي.
- "She has traveled to several countries." – هي سافرت لعدة دول.
- "We have met this teacher before." – لقد التقينا بهذا المعلم من قبل.
- "They have just arrived at the station." – هم وصلوا للتو إلى المحطة.
- "I have read that article." – أنا قرأت ذلك المقال.
- "He has broken his glasses." – هو كسر نظارته.
- "She has written two emails today." – هي كتبت رسالتين اليوم.
- "We have enjoyed the concert." – استمتعنا بالحفل الموسيقي.
- "They have learned a lot this semester." – تعلموا الكثير هذا الفصل الدراسي.
- "I have taken the online test." – أنا أجريت الاختبار عبر الإنترنت.
- "He has cleaned his room." – هو نظف غرفته.
- "She has cooked dinner already." – هي طبخت العشاء بالفعل.
- "We have watched that series twice." – شاهدنا هذه السلسلة مرتين.
- "They have studied English for ten years." – هم يدرسون الإنجليزية منذ عشر سنوات.
- "I have forgotten my password." – نسيت كلمة المرور الخاصة بي.
- "He has painted the fence." – هو دهّن السياج.
- "She has lost her keys." – هي فقدت مفاتيحها.
- "We have visited the museum." – زرنا المتحف.
- "They have arrived late." – هم وصلوا متأخرين.
- "I have just seen him." – لقد رأيته للتو.
- "He has gone to the market." – هو ذهب إلى السوق.
- "She has made a cake." – هي صنعت كعكة.
- "We have bought new furniture." – اشترينا أثاث جديد.
- "They have met the principal." – هم التقوا بالمدير.
- "I have cleaned my desk." – أنا نظفت مكتبي.
- "He has driven to work." – هو قاد السيارة للعمل.
- "She has played the piano today." – هي عزفت على البيانو اليوم.
- "We have had breakfast already." – نحن تناولنا الإفطار بالفعل.
- "They have never visited Paris." – هم لم يزوروا باريس قط.
- "I have watched this show before." – شاهدت هذا البرنامج من قبل.
- "He has read the news." – هو قرأ الأخبار.
- "She has done her homework." – هي أنجزت واجبها.
- "We have sent the emails." – أرسلنا الرسائل الإلكترونية.
- "They have spoken to the manager." – تحدثوا مع المدير.
- "I have studied for the exam." – درست للامتحان.
- "He has repaired the car." – هو أصلح السيارة.
- "She has written a story." – هي كتبت قصة.
- "We have listened to the lecture." – استمعنا للمحاضرة.
- "They have enjoyed the trip." – استمتعوا بالرحلة.
40 Interactive Questions with Answers
- Have I finished my report?
Answer: I have finished my report. - Has she sent the email?
Answer: She has just sent the email. - Have we been to Japan?
Answer: We have never been to Japan. - Have they started the meeting?
Answer: They have already started the meeting. - Have you tried sushi?
Answer: Have you ever tried sushi? - Has he lived in Berlin long?
Answer: He has lived in Berlin for three years. - Have I lost my wallet?
Answer: I have lost my wallet. - Has she traveled to many countries?
Answer: She has traveled to several countries. - Have we met this teacher before?
Answer: We have met this teacher before. - Have they arrived at the station?
Answer: They have just arrived at the station. - Have I read that article?
Answer: I have read that article. - Has he broken his glasses?
Answer: He has broken his glasses. - Has she written emails today?
Answer: She has written two emails today. - Have we enjoyed the concert?
Answer: We have enjoyed the concert. - Have they learned a lot this semester?
Answer: They have learned a lot this semester. - Have I taken the online test?
Answer: I have taken the online test. - Has he cleaned the room?
Answer: He has cleaned his room. - Has she cooked dinner?
Answer: She has cooked dinner already. - Have we watched that series twice?
Answer: We have watched that series twice. - Have they studied English for long?
Answer: They have studied English for ten years. - Have I forgotten my password?
Answer: I have forgotten my password. - Has he painted the fence?
Answer: He has painted the fence. - Has she lost her keys?
Answer: She has lost her keys. - Have we visited the museum?
Answer: We have visited the museum. - Have they arrived late?
Answer: They have arrived late. - Have I seen him?
Answer: I have just seen him. - Has he gone to the market?
Answer: He has gone to the market. - Has she made a cake?
Answer: She has made a cake. - Have we bought new furniture?
Answer: We have bought new furniture. - Have they met the principal?
Answer: They have met the principal. - Have I cleaned my desk?
Answer: I have cleaned my desk. - Has he driven to work?
Answer: He has driven to work. - Has she played the piano today?
Answer: She has played the piano today. - Have we had breakfast already?
Answer: We have had breakfast already. - Have they visited Paris?
Answer: They have never visited Paris. - Have I watched this show before?
Answer: I have watched this show before. - Has he read the news?
Answer: He has read the news. - Has she done her homework?
Answer: She has done her homework. - Have we sent the emails?
Answer: We have sent the emails. - Have they spoken to the manager?
Answer: They have spoken to the manager. - Have I studied for the exam?
Answer: I have studied for the exam. - Has he repaired the car?
Answer: He has repaired the car. - Has she written a story?
Answer: She has written a story. - Have we listened to the lecture?
Answer: We have listened to the lecture. - Have they enjoyed the trip?
Answer: They have enjoyed the trip.
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