تعلم الماضي البسيط Past Simple | شرح كامبيريدج

الماضي البسيط Past Simple – شرح كامبريدج مع أمثلة وتمارين

By: Hussain Ali

ما هو Past Simple؟

الماضي البسيط يُستخدم للتحدث عن أحداث انتهت في الماضي وغالبًا مع كلمات زمن محددة مثل yesterday, last week, in 2010.

أمثلة على Past Simple

• I played football yesterday. → لعبت كرة القدم البارحة.
• She visited Paris last summer. → زارت باريس الصيف الماضي.
• They watched a movie on Friday. → شاهدوا فيلم يوم الجمعة.

النفي في Past Simple

• Subject + did not + base verb → She did not go to school. → هي لم تذهب إلى المدرسة.
• I did not eat breakfast this morning. → لم أفطر هذا الصباح.

السؤال في Past Simple

• Did + Subject + base verb? → Did you finish homework? → هل أنهيت واجبك؟
• Did they watch the new movie? → هل شاهدوا الفيلم الجديد؟

تعلم الماضي البسيط | Past Simple شرح شامل من Cambridge | Englizi Planet

By: Hussain Ali

مقدمة

زمن Past Simple يُستخدم للتحدث عن أحداث انتهت في الماضي، وغالبًا مع كلمات زمن محددة.

Past Simple – How and When to Use It

The past simple is used to talk about actions or events that happened at a specific time in the past. Often, we include expressions like yesterday, last week, three years ago, in 2010.

Key Uses of Past Simple

1. Actions at a definite time

We use the past simple to describe things that happened at a clear point in the past:

• Did you watch the new movie yesterday?
• He left the office at 6 pm last Friday.
• When I was young, I loved swimming.

2. Single or repeated events

We can talk about a single event or something that happened regularly in the past:

Single events:

• She fell off her bike and went to the hospital.
• He ran to catch the bus.

Repeated events:

• They visited Italy every summer and stayed in small coastal towns.
• As children, we played football on the street after school.

We also use the past simple to describe states in the past:

• She looked upset after the meeting.
• Did you feel nervous during the exam?

For regular past habits, the past simple is similar in meaning to used to:

• I traveled a lot when I was younger. (or I used to travel a lot when I was younger)

3. Past simple with or without time reference

Sometimes we omit a time expression if the listener can understand when the action happened:

• Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa. (general knowledge)
• Do you know Grace? She was in my class at primary school. (both speakers understand the timeframe)

4. Sequence of events

The past simple can describe events in order. The first verb shows what happened first, the second verb shows what happened next:

• I turned off the light and got into bed.
• I got into bed and then turned off the light. (changes the meaning)

Past Simple – 20 Examples

• I visited my grandmother yesterday.
• She watched a movie last night.
• They played football on Saturday.
• He finished his homework two hours ago.
• We traveled to London last year.
• I saw a shooting star last night.
• She cooked dinner yesterday evening.
• They cleaned the house yesterday.
• He studied English last month.
• We visited the museum last week.
• She explained the rules clearly.
• He decided to take a break.
• They started the project on Monday.
• She prepared a speech for the conference.
• We learned new words in the lesson.
• He watched the news on TV.
• They played games in the park yesterday.
• She practiced the piano yesterday evening.
• He called his friend last night.
• We enjoyed the party yesterday.

20 Interactive Questions + Answers

1. When did I visit my grandmother?
   Answer: I visited my grandmother yesterday.
2. What did she watch last night?
   Answer: She watched a movie last night.
3. Who played football on Saturday?
   Answer: They played football on Saturday.
4. When did he finish his homework?
   Answer: He finished his homework two hours ago.
5. Where did we travel last year?
   Answer: We traveled to London last year.
6. What did I see last night?
   Answer: I saw a shooting star last night.
7. What did she cook yesterday evening?
   Answer: She cooked dinner yesterday evening.
8. Who cleaned the house yesterday?
   Answer: They cleaned the house yesterday.
9. What did he study last month?
   Answer: He studied English last month.
10. Where did we visit last week?
    Answer: We visited the museum last week.
11. How did she explain the rules?
    Answer: She explained the rules clearly.
12. Who decided to take a break?
    Answer: He decided to take a break.
13. When did they start the project?
    Answer: They started the project on Monday.
14. What speech did she prepare?
    Answer: She prepared a speech for the conference.
15. What new words did we learn?
    Answer: We learned new words in the lesson.
16. What did he watch on TV?
    Answer: He watched the news on TV.
17. Who played games in the park yesterday?
    Answer: They played games in the park yesterday.
18. What did she practice yesterday evening?
    Answer: She practiced the piano yesterday evening.
19. Who did he call last night?
    Answer: He called his friend last night.
20. What did we enjoy yesterday?
    Answer: We enjoyed the party yesterday.

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📚 تعلم الأزمنة الإنجليزية

• ⏳ الماضي المستمر – Past Continuous
• ⏳ الماضي التام – Past Perfect
• ⏳ الماضي التام المستمر – Past Perfect Continuous
• ⚡ المضارع البسيط – Present Simple
• ⚡ المضارع المستمر – Present Continuous
• ⚡ المضارع التام – Present Perfect
• ⚡ المضارع التام المستمر – Present Perfect Continuous

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تعلم المضارع التام Present Perfect | شرح كامبيريدج

تعلم المضارع التام Present Perfect – شرح كامبريدج مع أمثلة وتمارين

By: Hussain Ali

ما هو Present Perfect؟

المضارع التام يُستخدم للتعبير عن حدث في الماضي وله تأثير مرتبط بالحاضر أو مستمر حتى الآن. شكله: Subject + have/has + past participle.

أمثلة على Present Perfect

• I have finished my homework. → لقد أنهيت واجبي المنزلي.
• She has visited Paris twice. → لقد زارت باريس مرتين.
• They have lived in London for five years. → عاشوا في لندن لمدة خمس سنوات.

النفي والسؤال في Present Perfect

• نفي: I/We/You/They have not (haven't) + past participle → I haven't eaten yet.
• سؤال: Have/Has + Subject + past participle? → Have you finished your work?

Present Perfect Simple – How and When to Use It

The present perfect simple is used to talk about actions or situations that started in the past and have a connection to the present. It is also used for life experiences without specifying the exact time. Structure: have / has + past participle. Common words: ever, never, just, already, yet, for, since.

1. Talking About Life Experiences

Use the present perfect to describe experiences you’ve had so far. The exact time does not matter.

• I have visited Broadway shows in New York several times.
• She has never climbed a mountain before.
• Have you ever tried making sushi at home?
• He has already attended three different conferences this year.
• It was the most exciting trip I have ever taken.
• This is the first time I have seen snow in real life.

2. Recent Actions or Completed Events

Use it for actions finished very recently, often with just or recently.

• They have just returned from a holiday in Spain.
• The office has recently installed new computers.
• She has just finished her presentation.
• Have you just spoken to the manager?

3. Past Events with Present Results

When a past event affects the present, we use the present perfect:

• He has broken his leg. (It is still broken now)
• My keys have gone missing. (I still can’t find them)
• The flowers haven’t arrived yet. (They are still not here)

4. Duration with for and since

Use for points in time or periods that started in the past and continue to the present.

• I have worked here for five years. (period of time)
• She has lived in London since 2018. (specific starting point)
• How long have you known each other? – Since 2015, so for about 9 years.

5. Words Often Used with Present Perfect

Yet

Refers to something not done but expected to happen (usually in negative or questions).

• I haven’t finished my homework yet.
• Have you booked the tickets yet?

Already

Emphasizes that something is done sooner than expected.

• She has already left for the airport.
• I’ve already completed the assignment.

Still

Shows that something hasn’t changed or hasn’t happened yet, often surprisingly or annoyingly.

• He still hasn’t apologized for his mistake.
• I still haven’t recovered from the long flight.

6. Reporting Recent Events in News or Headlines

The present perfect is used to introduce recent events, often followed by past simple for details.

• NASA has launched a new satellite, which reached orbit last night.
• The Prime Minister has announced new policies; the parliament debated them yesterday.
• Have you seen the latest movie? I watched it last weekend.

7. British vs American English

In American English, the past simple is often used instead of present perfect in some cases, especially with already or yet.

• UK: Have you finished your homework yet? – US: Did you finish your homework yet?
• UK: I’ve already eaten lunch. – US: I already ate lunch.

Present Perfect Simple – 40 Real-Life Sentences & Interactive Questions

Practice Present Perfect Simple using real-life sentences. Each sentence is followed by an interactive question and answer to reinforce learning.

40 Sentences in Present Perfect Simple

• "I have finished my report." – أنا أنهيت تقريري.
• "She has just sent the email." – هي أرسلت البريد للتو.
• "We have never been to Japan." – نحن لم نزر اليابان قط.
• "They have already started the meeting." – هم بالفعل بدأوا الاجتماع.
• "Have you ever tried sushi?" – هل جربت السوشي من قبل؟
• "He has lived in Berlin for three years." – هو عاش في برلين لمدة ثلاث سنوات.
• "I have lost my wallet." – لقد فقدت محفظتي.
• "She has traveled to several countries." – هي سافرت لعدة دول.
• "We have met this teacher before." – لقد التقينا بهذا المعلم من قبل.
• "They have just arrived at the station." – هم وصلوا للتو إلى المحطة.
• "I have read that article." – أنا قرأت ذلك المقال.
• "He has broken his glasses." – هو كسر نظارته.
• "She has written two emails today." – هي كتبت رسالتين اليوم.
• "We have enjoyed the concert." – استمتعنا بالحفل الموسيقي.
• "They have learned a lot this semester." – تعلموا الكثير هذا الفصل الدراسي.
• "I have taken the online test." – أنا أجريت الاختبار عبر الإنترنت.
• "He has cleaned his room." – هو نظف غرفته.
• "She has cooked dinner already." – هي طبخت العشاء بالفعل.
• "We have watched that series twice." – شاهدنا هذه السلسلة مرتين.
• "They have studied English for ten years." – هم يدرسون الإنجليزية منذ عشر سنوات.
• "I have forgotten my password." – نسيت كلمة المرور الخاصة بي.
• "He has painted the fence." – هو دهّن السياج.
• "She has lost her keys." – هي فقدت مفاتيحها.
• "We have visited the museum." – زرنا المتحف.
• "They have arrived late." – هم وصلوا متأخرين.
• "I have just seen him." – لقد رأيته للتو.
• "He has gone to the market." – هو ذهب إلى السوق.
• "She has made a cake." – هي صنعت كعكة.
• "We have bought new furniture." – اشترينا أثاث جديد.
• "They have met the principal." – هم التقوا بالمدير.
• "I have cleaned my desk." – أنا نظفت مكتبي.
• "He has driven to work." – هو قاد السيارة للعمل.
• "She has played the piano today." – هي عزفت على البيانو اليوم.
• "We have had breakfast already." – نحن تناولنا الإفطار بالفعل.
• "They have never visited Paris." – هم لم يزوروا باريس قط.
• "I have watched this show before." – شاهدت هذا البرنامج من قبل.
• "He has read the news." – هو قرأ الأخبار.
• "She has done her homework." – هي أنجزت واجبها.
• "We have sent the emails." – أرسلنا الرسائل الإلكترونية.
• "They have spoken to the manager." – تحدثوا مع المدير.
• "I have studied for the exam." – درست للامتحان.
• "He has repaired the car." – هو أصلح السيارة.
• "She has written a story." – هي كتبت قصة.
• "We have listened to the lecture." – استمعنا للمحاضرة.
• "They have enjoyed the trip." – استمتعوا بالرحلة.

40 Interactive Questions with Answers

1. Have I finished my report?
   Answer: I have finished my report.
2. Has she sent the email?
   Answer: She has just sent the email.
3. Have we been to Japan?
   Answer: We have never been to Japan.
4. Have they started the meeting?
   Answer: They have already started the meeting.
5. Have you tried sushi?
   Answer: Have you ever tried sushi?
6. Has he lived in Berlin long?
   Answer: He has lived in Berlin for three years.
7. Have I lost my wallet?
   Answer: I have lost my wallet.
8. Has she traveled to many countries?
   Answer: She has traveled to several countries.
9. Have we met this teacher before?
   Answer: We have met this teacher before.
10. Have they arrived at the station?
    Answer: They have just arrived at the station.
11. Have I read that article?
    Answer: I have read that article.
12. Has he broken his glasses?
    Answer: He has broken his glasses.
13. Has she written emails today?
    Answer: She has written two emails today.
14. Have we enjoyed the concert?
    Answer: We have enjoyed the concert.
15. Have they learned a lot this semester?
    Answer: They have learned a lot this semester.
16. Have I taken the online test?
    Answer: I have taken the online test.
17. Has he cleaned the room?
    Answer: He has cleaned his room.
18. Has she cooked dinner?
    Answer: She has cooked dinner already.
19. Have we watched that series twice?
    Answer: We have watched that series twice.
20. Have they studied English for long?
    Answer: They have studied English for ten years.
21. Have I forgotten my password?
    Answer: I have forgotten my password.
22. Has he painted the fence?
    Answer: He has painted the fence.
23. Has she lost her keys?
    Answer: She has lost her keys.
24. Have we visited the museum?
    Answer: We have visited the museum.
25. Have they arrived late?
    Answer: They have arrived late.
26. Have I seen him?
    Answer: I have just seen him.
27. Has he gone to the market?
    Answer: He has gone to the market.
28. Has she made a cake?
    Answer: She has made a cake.
29. Have we bought new furniture?
    Answer: We have bought new furniture.
30. Have they met the principal?
    Answer: They have met the principal.
31. Have I cleaned my desk?
    Answer: I have cleaned my desk.
32. Has he driven to work?
    Answer: He has driven to work.
33. Has she played the piano today?
    Answer: She has played the piano today.
34. Have we had breakfast already?
    Answer: We have had breakfast already.
35. Have they visited Paris?
    Answer: They have never visited Paris.
36. Have I watched this show before?
    Answer: I have watched this show before.
37. Has he read the news?
    Answer: He has read the news.
38. Has she done her homework?
    Answer: She has done her homework.
39. Have we sent the emails?
    Answer: We have sent the emails.
40. Have they spoken to the manager?
    Answer: They have spoken to the manager.
41. Have I studied for the exam?
    Answer: I have studied for the exam.
42. Has he repaired the car?
    Answer: He has repaired the car.
43. Has she written a story?
    Answer: She has written a story.
44. Have we listened to the lecture?
    Answer: We have listened to the lecture.
45. Have they enjoyed the trip?
    Answer: They have enjoyed the trip.

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📚 تعلم الأزمنة الإنجليزية

• ⏳ الماضي البسيط – Past Simple
• ⏳ الماضي المستمر – Past Continuous
• ⏳ الماضي التام – Past Perfect
• ⏳ الماضي التام المستمر – Past Perfect Continuous
• ⚡ المضارع البسيط – Present Simple
• ⚡ المضارع المستمر – Present Continuous
• ⚡ المضارع التام المستمر – Present Perfect Continuous

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تعلم المضارع البسيط Present Simple | شرح كامبريدج

By: Hussain Ali

Uses of the Present Simple

The present simple tense is used to describe situations that are generally true, happen regularly, or are seen as permanent. It is one of the most common tenses in English and appears frequently in both spoken and written language.

1. General truths and permanent facts

We use the present simple to talk about facts that are always true and do not change. These include scientific facts, mathematical truths, and well-known information about the world.

• Ten multiplied by ten equals one hundred.
• Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
• Time seems to pass faster as people grow older.

The present simple is also used for facts that are considered true in the present situation, even if they may change in the future.

• I enjoy my job very much.
• My cousin lives in the north of Scotland.
• Spiders do not scare me.

2. Habits and repeated actions

We use the present simple to describe actions that happen regularly or repeatedly. Adverbs of frequency are often used with this tense.

always – usually – often – sometimes – never

• I read before I go to bed every night.
• We usually take a holiday in the summer.
• She never drinks coffee in the evening.

3. Instructions and directions

The present simple is commonly used when giving instructions, directions, or explanations, especially in formal or instructional contexts.

Directions

• You walk straight ahead until you reach the traffic lights.
• Then you turn left and continue for two blocks.

Instructions

• First, you read all the questions carefully.
• Next, you write your answers in the spaces provided.
• You do not write on the question paper.

4. Stories, summaries, and commentaries

The present simple is often used to describe a sequence of events in stories, summaries, reviews, and commentaries. This use makes the events feel more immediate.

• She waits until the morning and then decides to call him.

In sports commentaries, the present simple is used to describe actions as they happen.

• The striker passes the ball, the defender blocks, and the crowd reacts.

5. Immediate reactions and opinions

We use the present simple to express feelings, opinions, and reactions at the moment of speaking, particularly with verbs of perception and thinking.

• This room feels very quiet.
• I do not like the colour of this jacket.
• That food smells strange.
• Where does it hurt?

6. Verbs that perform actions (speech acts)

Some verbs describe an action that is performed at the same time as the verb is spoken. These verbs are often used in the present simple.

• I promise to help you.
• I agree with your suggestion.
• I apologise for the mistake.

This use is also common in formal writing, business communication, and official statements.

• I enclose the signed documents for your reference.
• On behalf of the organisation, I thank you for your support.

7. Timetables and fixed future events

The present simple can refer to the future when we talk about events that are part of a fixed timetable or official schedule.

• The meeting begins at 10:00 tomorrow.
• The train leaves at 6:45 in the morning.
• What time does the flight arrive?

In many cases, will can also be used with little or no difference in meaning.

8. Present simple after time expressions

When talking about the future, we use the present simple in clauses that begin with time expressions such as when, before, after, as soon as, if.

• I will call you when I arrive.
• Please lock the door before you leave.

We do not use will in these clauses.

9. Newspaper headlines

In newspaper headlines, the present simple is often used to describe past events. This makes the news sound more direct and dramatic.

• Local hero saves child from river
• Government announces new policy

Common learner errors

• ❌ He work every day → ✔ He works every day
• ❌ She don’t like tea → ✔ She doesn’t like tea
• ❌ I’ll phone you when I’ll finish → ✔ I’ll phone you when I finish

Check your understanding

Try the following questions to check how well you understand the uses of the present simple.

Exercise 1: Choose the correct answer

1. Water (boil / boils) at 100 degrees Celsius.
2. She usually (walk / walks) to work.
3. The meeting (start / starts) at 10:00 tomorrow.
4. I will call you when I (arrive / will arrive).
5. He never (eat / eats) breakfast at home.

Exercise 2: Complete the sentences

Use the correct form of the present simple.

1. My brother __________ (work) in a hospital.
2. We usually __________ (have) dinner at 7 p.m.
3. She __________ (not / like) loud music.
4. What time __________ the train __________ (leave)?
5. I always __________ (check) my email in the morning.

Exercise 3: Correct the mistake

1. He go to the gym every day.
2. She don’t understand the question.
3. I will tell you when I will finish.
4. The film start at 8:00 tonight.

Exercise 4: Think and answer

Answer the questions using the present simple.

1. What time do you usually wake up?
2. How do you get to work or school?
3. Do you prefer tea or coffee?
4. What do you do in the evening?

Answers

Exercise 1

1. boils
2. walks
3. starts
4. arrive
5. eats

Exercise 2

1. works
2. have
3. does not (doesn’t) like
4. does – leave
5. check

Exercise 3

1. He goes to the gym every day.
2. She doesn’t understand the question.
3. I will tell you when I finish.
4. The film starts at 8:00 tonight.

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📚 تعلم الأزمنة الإنجليزية

• ⏳ الماضي البسيط – Past Simple
• ⏳ الماضي المستمر – Past Continuous
• ⏳ الماضي التام – Past Perfect
• ⏳ الماضي التام المستمر – Past Perfect Continuous
• ⚡ المضارع المستمر – Present Continuous
• ⚡ المضارع التام – Present Perfect
• ⚡ المضارع التام المستمر – Present Perfect Continuous

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قصة صاحب الجنتين تشرح Past Simple | تعلم الماضي البسيط بسهولة

قصة صاحب الجنتين تشرح Past Simple

32 وَاضْرِبْ لَهُم مَّثَلًا رَّجُلَيْنِ جَعَلْنَا لِأَحَدِهِمَا جَنَّتَيْنِ مِنْ أَعْنَابٍ وَحَفَفْنَاهُمَا بِنَخْلٍ وَجَعَلْنَا بَيْنَهُمَا زَرْعًا "Set forth to them the parable of two men: for one of them We provided two gardens of grape-vines and surrounded them with date palms; in between the two We placed corn-fields."

33 كِلْتَا الْجَنَّتَيْنِ آتَتْ أُكُلَهَا وَلَمْ تَظْلِم مِّنْهُ شَيْئًا ۚ وَفَجَّرْنَا خِلَالَهُمَا نَهَرًا "Each of those gardens brought forth its produce, and failed not in the least therein: in the midst of them We caused a river to flow."

34 وَكَانَ لَهُ ثَمَرٌ فَقَالَ لِصَاحِبِهِ وَهُوَ يُحَاوِرُهُ أَنَا أَكْثَرُ مِنكَ مَالًا وَأَعَزُّ نَفَرًا "(Abundant) was the produce this man had: he said to his companion: 'more wealth have I than you, and more honour and power in men.'"

35 وَدَخَلَ جَنَّتَهُ وَهُوَ ظَالِمٌ لِّنَفْسِهِ قَالَ مَا أَظُنُّ أَن تَبِيدَ هَٰذِهِ أَبَدًا "He went into his garden in a state unjust to his soul: He said, 'I deem not that this will ever perish.'"

36 وَمَا أَظُنُّ السَّاعَةَ قَائِمَةً وَلَئِن رُّدِدتُّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّي لَأَجِدَنَّ خَيْرًا مِّنْهَا مُنقَلَبًا "'Nor do I deem that the Hour will come: Even if I am brought back to my Lord, I shall surely find something better in exchange.'"

37 قَالَ لَهُ صَاحِبُهُ وَهُوَ يُحَاوِرُهُ أَكَفَرْتَ بِالَّذِي خَلَقَكَ مِن تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِن نُّطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ سَوَّاكَ رَجُلًا "His companion said to him: 'Dost thou deny Him Who created thee out of dust, then out of a sperm-drop, then fashioned thee into a man?'"

38 لَّكِنَّا هُوَ اللَّهُ رَبِّي وَلَا أُشْرِكُ بِرَبِّي أَحَدًا "'But He is Allah, my Lord, and none shall I associate with my Lord.'"

39 وَلَوْلَا إِذْ دَخَلْتَ جَنَّتَكَ قُلْتَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ "'Why didst thou not, as thou wentest into thy garden, say: Allah's will (be done)! There is no power but with Allah!'"

40 فَعَسَىٰ رَبِّي أَن يُؤْتِيَنِ خَيْرًا مِّن جَنَّتِكَ وَيُرْسِلَ عَلَيْهَا حُسْبَانًا مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ فَتُصْبِحَ صَعِيدًا زَلَقًا "'It may be that my Lord will give me something better than thy garden, and that He will send on thy garden thunderbolts from heaven...'"

41 أَوْ يُصْبِحَ مَاؤُهَا غَوْرًا فَلَن تَسْتَطِيعَ لَهُ طَلَبًا "'Or the water of the garden will run off underground so that thou wilt never be able to find it.'"

42 وَأُحِيطَ بِثَمَرِهِ فَأَصْبَحَ يُقَلِّبُ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَىٰ مَا أَنفَقَ فِيهَا وَهِيَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَىٰ عُرُوشِهَا وَيَقُولُ يَا لَيْتَنِي لَمْ أُشْرِكْ بِرَبِّي أَحَدًا "So his fruits were encompassed with ruin, and he began to wring his hands over what he had spent on it... saying, 'Woe is me! Would I had never ascribed partners to my Lord!'"

الأفعال الشاذة والمنتظمة في القصة

Went (Irregular)

Said (Irregular)

Created (Regular)

Was/Were (Irregular)

Had (Irregular)

Provided (Regular)

تمرين

📝 اختبر فهمك للآيات

1. استخرج من الآية 32 فعلين في الماضي البسيط.

2. حول الجملة للنفي: "He went into his garden."

3. اصنع سؤالاً: "Allah created thee from dust."

قاعدة هامة

💡 لاحظ في الآية 39 استخدام Didst للسؤال في الماضي البسيط، وكيف عاد الفعل say لحالته الأصلية.

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📚 تعلم الأزمنة الإنجليزية

• ⏳ الماضي البسيط – Past Simple
• ⏳ الماضي المستمر – Past Continuous
• ⏳ الماضي التام – Past Perfect
• ⏳ الماضي التام المستمر – Past Perfect Continuous
• ⚡ المضارع البسيط – Present Simple
• ⚡ المضارع المستمر – Present Continuous
• ⚡ المضارع التام – Present Perfect
• ⚡ المضارع التام المستمر – Present Perfect Continuous

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